Food insecurity remains a significant development challenge in many rapidly urbanizing areas of Nigeria, where economic instability, environmental shocks, and structural constraints intersect to undermine household food access. This study examined the determinants of food insecurity in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, with the objective of identifying the key socioeconomic and environmental factors influencing household food security. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 358 household heads selected through a systematic random sampling technique across 28 communities. Food insecurity was measured using Likert-scale indicators, while explanatory variables included household income, market access, food price volatility, household size, climate-related shocks, and urbanization pressure. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The findings reveal that food insecurity is generally high across the study area, with community scores ranging from moderate to very high levels. Household income emerged as a significant determinant, as lower-income communities consistently recorded higher food insecurity. Limited market access and greater distance to food markets were associated with increased vulnerability, while high food price volatility further intensified insecurity, particularly among economically disadvantaged households. Larger household sizes were linked to greater food stress due to increased consumption demands. Environmental factors, including droughts, floods, and pest outbreaks, were found to disrupt food availability and household income, thereby exacerbating insecurity. Additionally, communities experiencing high urbanization pressure exhibited elevated levels of food insecurity due to reduced agricultural land and increased reliance on market-purchased food. The study concludes that food insecurity in Uyo Local Government Area is multidimensional and driven by interconnected economic, demographic, geographic, and environmental factors. Addressing the challenge requires integrated policy interventions focused on income enhancement, improved market infrastructure, food price stabilization, climate-resilient agricultural practices, and sustainable urban planning. The findings provide localized empirical evidence to inform targeted strategies aimed at strengthening household food security and promoting sustainable livelihoods in urban and peri-urban communities.
Keywords: Food insecurity, household income, market access, climate shocks, urbanization, Uyo LGA.
Citation: Asuquo, L. P. (2026). Multidimensional Analysis of Food Insecurity In Uyo : The Interplay of Market Access, Household Structure, and Environmental Shocks. J Business & Eco Insights.,2(1):1-10.