Periodontal disease represents a nuanced interplay of various factors, encompassing host-related elements, genetic predispositions, immune system irregularities, and environmental influences. While existing treatment approaches effectively impede disease advancement, they fall short of achieving complete eradication or preventing its reappearance. The pervasive prevalence of this condition has ignited innovative endeavors, particularly in the realm of vaccine development, to devise more comprehensive solutions.
Immunization stands as a cornerstone in applying immunological insights to enhance human well-being. The primary aim of a periodontal vaccine is to pinpoint the antigens implicated in the destructive cascade of periodontitis. By triggering antibody production against these antigens, the vaccine endeavors to provide protective immunity while also stimulating mucosal antibody responses.To date, no periodontal vaccine trials have met the stringent criteria set for an ideal periodontal vaccine. However, there is burgeoning potential for periodontal vaccines to complement mechanical therapy in the future. This paper aims to critically examine existing literature, focusing on the pivotal role that a primary periodontal vaccine could play in alleviating the global burden of periodontal disease and its associated human morbidity.
Keywords: Periodontal vaccination; Plantibodies; Synthetic peptides as antigens; Live viral vector vaccines Active immunization, Passive immunization.