The Dual Nature of Halachic Decision-Making: Rational and Intuitive Pathways in Law and Their Applications to Healthcare and Theology
Julian Ungar-Sargon MD PhD This article examines Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin’s (the Netziv) revolutionary interpretation of the sin of the spies in Numbers 13-14, demonstrating how his 19th-century reading challenges conventional understandings of faith, religious idealism, and engagement with worldly responsibility. While classical commentators from Rashi to Abarbanel interpret the spies’ sin as faithlessness,



















